Main mechanotransduction pathways in chondrocytes and their interaction with inflammation by Maria Segarra-Queralt, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
Simplified representation of a directed graph of mechanotransduction pathways, coupled with the inflammatory complexity, to integrate mechanical stimulation effects on chondrocyte metabolism. (A) Integrin α1β5 activation upon 0.33-Hz cyclical strain co-activates IL-4 receptor. (B) The calcium TRPV4 channel is activated by physio-osmotic environments. (C) PIEZO channels activation upon 300nN strain led to an up-regulation of inflammatory pathways. (D) Integrins could be beneficial or not regarding the load applied. (E) Super stimulation of Wingless signalling induces catabolic activity. (F) Toll-like receptors activate inflammation. (G) Primary cilium has the PTCH (induced upon injurious loads) and PTHrP pathway (necessary for chondrocyte homeostasis).
